Identity and access management (IAM) helps users securely access and manage AWS resources and services. IAM helps and aids users in securely controlling access by creating users and groups, assigning specific permissions and policies to specific users, setting up multi-factor authentication for additional security, and much more. 

This article will cover the fundamentals of AWS IAM, its key features, and some unique benefits to provide you with a bird’s eye view of AWS Identity and access management (IAM). 

One of the biggest roadblocks to cloud adoption by businesses and companies is cloud security scrutiny. AWS IAM addresses this problem by following a granular approach while granting permissions and providing access in the cloud environment. It essentially means that IAM enables its users to control access to AWS service APIs and specific resources. AWS IAM also gives its users the option to control who can use their resources and in which ways. All this and many other features undeniably make using AWS extremely secure. 

How Does AWS IAM Work?

A typical IAM workflow consists of the following elements:

Principal – An entity that can perform actions on AWS resources. It can be a user, group, role or application.

Authentication: The process of verifying the principle of trying to use an AWS resource.

Request: The principal sends a request is sent to AWS by the principal specifying what actions to perform and what resources to use. 

Authorization: IAM authorizes requests by matching all parts by a relevant matching policy. AWS approves all the actions after authentication and authorization. 

Actions: A mix of activities view, create, edit or delete a resource.

Resources: An entity that you can work with or work on to satisfy the business need.

To put it into simple words, we have listed below some core functionalities of Identity and Access Management Tools 

Manage user identities

IAM tools can be used as a single repository or directory to create, modify, delete users or even integrate with other directories if need be. Identity and access management tools can also be used to create special access for particular purposes for users. 

Provisioning/de-provisioning users

Organizations can use IAM to specify which tools and access levels to give to what users as per the business requirements. IAM tools enable the IT departments to grant access and set users’ provisions by role, departments, or other groupings variable as per the business requirements. IAM also allows your organization to quickly remove ex-employees’ access to ensure provisioning also works in reverse.

Authenticating users

IAM system enables user authentication by confirming that they are who they say they are. The system achieves this feat through authentication like multi-factor authentication (MFA) and, preferably, adaptive authentication.

Authorizing users

Access Management in IAM ensures that the system grants the right users access to tools and the same levels as per their entitlement. The system can also divide the users into groups or roles so if they require similar privileges.

Reporting

IAM tools regularly generate reports on critical actions taken and done like login time, systems access, and type of authentication on the platform. It helps ensure compliance and mitigate security risks. 

Single Sign-On

Single Sign-On tools in IAM enable users to authenticate themselves only through one portal instead of using many different resources. Once authenticated, the IAM system acts as a single source of identifier for the other resources available to the user, removing the requirement for the user to remember several passwords.

Some Key features of IAM

IAM secures all your AWS services and resources, and the best thing about AWS IAM is that it is entirely free of cost. AWS account offers an IAM feature at no additional charge. Now, let’s move on to some other nifty features of IAM. 

• Authentication – IAM authenticates resources, people, services, and apps within an AWS account, which means that IAM allows the creation and management of different identities such as users, groups, and roles.

• Authorization – IAM provides access management through two primary components: Policies and Permissions. 

• Permissions are a set of specific rules. Each policy is unique as they grant specific permissions that cover various use-cases. On the other hand, Permissions enable users to perform actions on AWS resources and services.

• Permissions follow a granular approach – With the help of IAM, you can fine-tune the process of granting permissions as per your business needs. You are in total control of which permissions you want to give to what teams/users. 

• Shared Access to AWS account – Organizations with multiple AWS accounts can now share access between them without needing to share their credentials by simplifying multi-account access within one organization.

• Identity federation: This feature in AWS IAM allows you to seamlessly combine access to your AWS account with other identity providers such as G Suite etc. 

Why IAM?

AWS IAM helps IT administrators manage AWS user identities and their varied access to AWS resources. With the help of IAM, AWS users can be created and assigned individual security credentials (e.g. passphrases, SSH keys, MFA), granted permission to access AWS, or removed at any time.

In the process of doing this, organizations have granular control over their AWS resources, different levels of access to it, and the actions authorized users can perform on these resources.

It essentially results in a more secure and efficient environment for AWS users to use AWS resources. With a plethora of fully-featured resources, it makes total sense to have the ability to manage access to them to ensure safety and maximum optimization. 

IAM Implementation Strategy 

Ideally, IAM Solutions should have zero-trust principles such as least privilege access and identity-based security policies.

• Central identity management

Zero trust principles manage access to resources at the initial identity level, meaning you have a centralized managed system of identities. It also means that you can easily synchronize your IAM with other user directories.  

• Secure access

IAM should confirm the Identity of those who are logging in. It implicates the usage of MFA or a combination of MFA and adaptive authentication to consider the context of the login attempt, i.e. Time, Place, IP address etc. 

• Policy-based control

The system gives access and authorization to users to perform the task they are required to do and no more access. The system grants access to resources as per the role’s requirement, no more, no less. These policies ensure that resources are always secured no matter who accesses them.

• Zero-Trust Policy

Zero-Trust means that organizations do not trust anyone automatically who is trying to access their network, machines, IP addresses, etc. Instead, they treat every user and device as a potential threat and assess the risk first by verifying their identities. 

• Secured privileged accounts

Accounts created in access management are not equals. Each account follows provisions that declare that they have specific access to resources as per their roles. The system gives access to privileged resources an extra layer of security and support to act as a gatekeeper for the organization.  

• Training and support

All the necessary support and training are provided to users depending on what products they engage with, including users and administrators – and often provide customer service for the long-term health of your IAM installation and its users.

Summing it up

AWS is the biggest cloud solution provider in the world for a reason. AWS identity and access management have rolled out several measures to provide maximum security to ensure its superiority, and IAM is one of the most important ones. 

With all its amazing features and unique benefits it provides, it is a little overwhelming, and the learning coverage around IAM lacks the gravity it deserves. We aim to help users like yourself get the most out of topics powered by crisp and to-the-point content through our blogs and article series.

Author – Kartik Bansal

Reactide  

Reactide is a desktop program that incorporates a simulator for live reloading and rapid prototyping of React components and is a popular tool in React. 

It features a custom browser simulator as well as an integrated Node server as a cross-platform application. As a result, a React project can be created by simply clicking a React JSX file. 

It includes features like hot module reloading, streamlined configurations, and component visualization that are extremely useful. While coding in Reactide, you can see a live representation of the architecture of your React app. So, if you use Reactide to keep track of changes in the app architecture, editing or upgrading your React app is unlikely to go wrong. 

Storybook  

Another open-source tool is Storybook. It makes it easier to create and write UI components and pages. Visual component coding is a constant back-and-forth between code and the webpage. With their UI editor, Storybook makes this process much convenient and is thus one of the best tools for React. While developing each visual component, you can inspect and interact with it for increased productivity and a better overall process.  

It has a Sandbox Storybook for developing UIs in isolation, mocking difficult-to-reach use cases, documenting use cases as stories, and automating testing. It also has Built-in filters that prevent deviations. 

React Developer Tool 

React Developers Tools are the most popular and user-friendly React tools in our list of Top trending tools in React for accelerating development. It is an open-source React JS library that inspects a React tree, including props, component hierarchy, state, and more. You can also investigate how one component affects another. These debugging tools are extremely useful and are completely open-source. 

It includes full react hook support, allowing you to use react functionality without creating a class. Its filter mechanisms make it easier to navigate deeper into nested hierarchies. 

It can even assist you in observing and noting an app’s performance. It is a must-have for your react development if you genuinely want to create an app that stands out from the crowd. 

Create React App             

For any new React project, the Create React App is the best place to start and is one of the Top trending tools in React. With only one command, you can get your React app up and running. This react tool will take care of everything, whether it is selecting the proper module or constructing the project structure. As a result, developers will spend less time configuring it and will be able to use it with any backend language. 

With a single command, you can get your React app up and running. There are no build configurations required. You do not have to be concerned with the best project structure or which support modules to include; Just execute the following command: 

                                                         npx create-react-app my-app 

BIT  

Bit, designed by Jonathan Saring is an open-source, and one of the most popular react developer tools on the market. It allows you to quickly develop and share react components with the help of Bit. 

After Bit has verified your react components, you can share them with other developers using an online platform and a command-line program. You can also search and download components created by others and render them to fit your specific project on the internet platform. In a nutshell, Bit’s third-party marketplace lets you shop for third-party components. You may even change the component and see a preview of it using Bit, which allows you to go over several components and choose the one that best suits your project making it a popular tool for React. 

React Sights 

React Sight is one of the best React development tools that aid with react inspection. It displays the hierarchy of your app’s components in real-time time. You can easily track the relationships between components with a tree-like flow chart of your app’s architecture. Additionally, when you hover the cursor over a component, you can see its current state and properties. 

Also, after installing the Chrome extension, make sure to enable access to file URLs. 

 React Bootstrap 

React Bootstrap is a tool that combines the benefits of both Bootstrap and React while eliminating their respective Individual limitations. It is a well-known CSS framework react dev tool that many people use. It is a collection of CSS classes and JavaScript functions that allow you to create stunning user interfaces with any of those technologies without having to be a pro. 

The JS portions of React Bootstrap have been rewritten to ensure compatibility with React. As a result, you can now use their components the same way that you would use React components. 

React Bootstrap makes it incredibly simple to get started with a React app project. It is simple to install using a package manager, and it ensures that your app’s UI is clean. 

Wrapping up 

React has grown at a breakneck pace since it was introduced by Facebook. However, as popularity grows, the challenge for developers in creating larger apps becomes more difficult. Every year, the React developer tools community grows, and a new tool is introduced to the list of best tools for React. 

There are many more great tools available for React developers; these are just a few of our favorites that are widely used in react development. We hope these Top trending tools in React should make it easier for you to create, manage, and debug apps. Good luck  

Since Hadoop uses a distributed computing model to process the Big Data and thus we can use Hadoop for Banking and Financial Sector. It also provides lots of features that improve its power. Hadoop provides Low Cost, Fault Tolerance, Scalability, Speed, Data Locality, High Availability, etc. The Hadoop Ecosystem is also very large and provides lots of other tools as well that work on top of Hadoop and makes it highly featured. 

What are the key features of Hadoop to use it for banking and financial sector? 

• Reliable– Fail Safe technology that prevents loss of data even in an event of hardware failure. 
• Powerful– unique storage method based on distributed file system resulting in faster data processing. 
• Scalable– stores and distributes datasets to operate in parallel, allowing businesses to run applications on thousands of nodes. 

• Cost-effective– runs on commodity machines & network 
• Simple and flexible APIs– enables a large ecosystem of solution providers such as log processing, recommendation systems, data warehousing, fraud detection, etc. 

How is Hadoop revolutionizing the Banking & Finance Industry? 

It is the banking sector that secures our money, but it is Apache Hadoop that secures the unstructured data of those banks and is used for industrial purposes. The banking and financial firms have got a huge amount of unstructured data that only Hadoop has the capacity to store in streams. Many banks use Hadoop technology, which gives rooted analysis to improve the security team and protect our investments and savings. 

For the last two decades, the banking sector has suffered drastic changes due to the security of the deposit they keep holding in their big and strong lockers. Thus, in order to avoid those crises and move towards efficiencies and fraud detection, fast finding and a high-level guard is a must. Hence, the marketing and financial domains are running towards Apache Hadoop for high encryption and deep analysis with 100 percent correct statistics. 

Source – Hortonworks 

How is it used in banking and finance? 

The reason for Hadoop’s success in the banking and finance domain is its ability to address various issues faced by the financial industry at minimal cost and time. Despite the various benefits of Hadoop, applying it to a particular problem needs due diligence. Some of the scenarios in which Hadoop is used for the banking and financial industry are: 

Fraud Detection 

Hadoop addresses most common industry challenges like fraud, financial crimes and data breaches effectively. By analyzing point of sale, authorization, and transactions, and other points, banks can identify and mitigate fraud. Big Data also helps in picking up unusual patterns and alerting banks of the same, while also drastically reducing the time and resources required to complete these tasks. 

Risk Management 

Assess risks accurately using Big Data Solutions. Hadoop gives a complete and accurate view of risk and impact, enabling firms to make informed decisions by analysing transactional data to determine risk based on market behaviour, scoring customers, and potential clients. 

Data Storage and Security 

Protection, easy storage, and access to financial data are the optimal needs of banks and finance firms. While Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) provides scalable and reliable data storage designed to span large clusters of commodity servers, MapReduce processes each node in parallel, transferring only the package code for that node which is one of the greatest advantages of using Hadoop for Banking and Financial Sector. This means information is stored in more than one cluster but with additional safety to provide a better and safer data storage option. 

Analysis 

Banks need to analyze unstructured data residing in various sources like social media profiles, emails, calls, complaint logs, discussion forums, etc. as well as through traditional sources like transactional data, cash, and equity, trade, and lending, etc. to get a better understanding of their customers. Hadoop allows financial firms to access and analyze this data and also provides accurate insights to help make the right decision. 

Hadoop is thus a most ideal choice for the banking and financial industry and is also used in other departments like customer segmentation and experience analysis, credit risk assessment, targeted services, etc. 

Written By | Ashutosh Yadav

By centralizing storage, memory, computation, and bandwidth, this technology enables considerably more efficient computing. 

The cloud computing industry is also growing at a faster rate. As cloud technologies advance and more businesses adopt cloud-based services, it’s critical to keep up with the latest developments. Let’s take a look at some of the most popular trends in cloud computing. 

1. Growing Hybrid/Multi-Cloud

A hybrid cloud involves mixed computing, storage, and service environments that combine on-premises infrastructure, private cloud services, and a public cloud orchestration between the platforms. A company uses two or more cloud computing platforms to accomplish different tasks in a multi-cloud method.

Organizations that do not want to rely on a single cloud provider may combine resources from multiple providers to get the most out of each service. 

Hybrid cloud infrastructure is the latest trend in cloud computing; it combines two or more types of clouds, whereas a multi-cloud infrastructure combines multiple clouds of the same type.

More cloud and data center suppliers are working hard to develop hybrid and multi-cloud connections among various systems. More enterprises appreciate the different strengths of private clouds, public clouds, industry-specific clouds, and legacy on-premises installations. 

2. Containerization

Containers encapsulate an application’s lightweight runtime environment, as well as all its dependencies, such as libraries, runtime, code, binaries, and configuration files.

Containers offer a standardized approach to bundle all the components and operate them across the software development lifecycle (SDLC) on Unix, Linux, and Windows. 

As a result of the trend in cloud computing, containerization will be a factor of focus for the cloud computing industry in the coming years.

It will quickly gain traction, with large firms investing in their own containerization software packages. By 2023, 70 percent of worldwide enterprises are expected to be running more than two containerized apps in production. 

3. Cloud Security and Compliance

As with any new opportunity, leveraging cloud technology also introduces new forms of risk. Industry standards provide organizations guidance to create policies, plans, and to manage their cloud environments.

Organizations that do not use industry standards to harden their environments leave themselves open to cyber-attacks and misconfiguration. Cloud environments evolve and change, and CSPs are constantly adding new functional services that come with unique configurations and security tools to manage them.

However, organizations cannot be solely dependent on the CSP for security. One of the most effective ways for organizations to secure their public cloud accounts is to use the CIS Foundations Benchmarks.  

The CIS Foundations Benchmarks are a part of the family of cybersecurity standards managed by the Center for Internet Security (CIS). CIS Benchmarks are consensus-based, vendor-agnostic secure configuration guidelines for the most commonly used systems and technologies. 

There are more than 100 free CIS Benchmarks PDFs covering 25+ vendor product families such as operating systems, servers, cloud providers, mobile devices, desktop software, and network devices. The CIS Foundations Benchmarks provide guidance for public cloud environments at the account level. 

CIS Benchmarks are consensus-based, best-practice security configuration guides both developed and accepted by the government, business, industry, and academia.

The CIS Foundations Benchmarks are intended for system and application administrators, security specialists, auditors, help desk, platform deployment, and/or DevOps personnel who plan to develop, deploy, assess, or secure solutions in the cloud and is one the most useful cloud computing trends. 

4. Role of Artificial Intelligence

One of the most common cloud computing developments to anticipate is artificial intelligence. AI and cloud computing are being seamlessly integrated into the IT industry to improve corporate operations, functionality, and efficiency. It now allows businesses to scale, adapt, manage, and automate their processes with ease.

Artificial intelligence can give an extra layer of security to the cloud by detecting and resolving issues before they cause harm. 

AI strengthens cloud computing by enabling it to manage data, disclose insights and optimize workflows. On the other side, Cloud computing enhances the effect and reach of AI.

Given all these considerations, AI is unquestionably a cloud computing topic to keep an eye on, since it enables more efficient organizational procedures. 

5. Serverless Architecture

Cloud computing is linked with serverless architecture. It helps businesses for designing and deploy applications without having to worry about the management of physical infrastructure, which eliminates the need for architectural engineering.

Cloud service providers handle all scaling, maintenance, and upgrades in exchange for a reasonable charge.

Because all resources are allotted by the cloud service provider, it is especially useful for software developers who no longer have to manage and maintain network servers. Although serverless computing is a relatively new cloud service, demand for it is predicted to increase by 25% by 2025. 

6. DevOps

DevOps is the automation of agile methodology. The idea is to empower developers to respond to the needs of the business in near real-time. In other words, DevOps should remove much of the latency that has existed for years around software development. 

The centralized nature of cloud computing provides DevOps automation with a standard and centralized platform for testing, deployment, and production. In the past, the distributed nature of some enterprise systems didn’t fit well with centralized software deployment. Using a cloud platform solves many issues with distributed complexity. 

DevOps automation is becoming cloud-centric. Most public and private cloud computing providers support DevOps systemically on their platform, including continuous integration and continuous development tools. This tight integration lowers the cost associated with on-premises

DevOps automation technology, and provides centralized governance and control for a sound DevOps process. Many developers who enter the process find that governance keeps them out of trouble, and it is easier to control this centrally via the cloud versus attempting to bring departments under control. What is most interesting is that the cloud is not really driving DevOps; rather, DevOps is driving the interest and the growth of the cloud. 

6. Sustainability Efforts

Efforts to reduce the harmful effects on climate are increasing throughout industries, along with the advancement in technology and the cloud market. Although the cloud is often more energy-efficient than on-premises infrastructure, the rise of AI and the Internet of Things (IoT) is forcing cloud technology to work harder than ever. 

Consumers see businesses not only as a catalog of their best products and services but also as a symbol of their beliefs.

Out of nine potential areas of concern, 80 percent of consumers choose sustainability as the most essential factor to consider when evaluating businesses. Migrations to the public cloud have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 59 million tonnes per year. As a result, it becomes a significant cloud trend. 

The aforementioned top trends in cloud computing are some of the most important ones to follow in the cloud computing industry in the next years. According to current trends, the cloud will continue to grow in terms of popularity and technological advancement. Cloud-based services will become more efficient, accessible, and adaptive in the next years. 

Author – Kartik Bansal

If we talk about reasons to use React Native for Mobile development It is a free and open-source UI framework. Experts consider it one of the highest rates of creating an excellent user experience.

It offers programmers to develop mobile applications by spinning up JS threads that interpret JavaScript code by making a native bridge between the app and the target platform. For this and many other reasons, developers love React Native.  

Many well-known firms have already implemented React Native for iOS and Android platforms, including Facebook, Skype, Instagram, Pinterest, etc. Now to back all this up, let’s discuss some of the reasons to use React Native for mobile development. 

1. Simple And Easy to Work 

React Native facilitates developers’ work by providing meaningful error messages and time-saving and robust tools. As a result, even inexperienced mobile app developers can easily create apps with React Native.

It is simple to learn as long as the developer is familiar with JavaScript or React. The developer only needs to understand the integration of appropriate mobile components with their corresponding web components. 

2. Cross-Platform Reusable Code 

When you use React Native for a mobile app, a single code can develop the app for both iOS and Android operating systems. 

Using React Native, developers do not need to create different codes for different platforms (iOS or Android), as it is possible to use Javascript for both. Reusing code boosts efficiency and delivers super-quick development results, and diminishes expense. 

3. Third-Party Plugin Support 

It is challenging to create new software for any mobile application, and at times there are components required in a new application. Not to worry, React Native gives you the ability to link any plugin with a native or third-party module. With these 3rd party plugins, you can improve your mobile application without hassle. 

4. Easy to Debug

A single bug in mobile app development can cause significant issues. It can take hours to examine the codes and identify the problem areas to be corrected. Fortunately, since React Native development uses a single codebase, it takes a single bug fix to revitalize the entire system.

The developer’s workload is reduced because of the ease of bug fixing, saving a significant amount of time. The framework includes tools such as Nuclide and console.org to aid in debugging. 

5. Transforms Easily from Web to Mobile App 

React Native enables the developers to save a lot of time by making the journey from transforming a web page to a mobile app super easy. 

6. Online Community Support

The React Native developer community is vast, and it is one of the largest cross-platform groups. Almost every day, they continue to investigate and contribute to this framework. 

It helps programmers and developers because they can ask for advice and direction from the community if they encounter any issues while developing the app. You can get assistance from community experts or search for libraries of relevant material to help you build React Native-based applications. 

7. UI Design

React Native’s interface is highly responsive and adaptable. It gives developers and designers a lot of creative leeways.

Wrapping Up, we’re all aware of the importance of mobile phones and apps in our daily lives. People spend countless hours on a single app. The demand for mobile development will only grow over time; with the reasons to use react native for mobile applications cited above, we can all agree that React Native will be one of the leading forces in mobile development. 

AngularJS is a JavaScript-based front-end web framework that uses bidirectional UI data binding, and thus we can design Single Page Applications using AngularJS.

Single Page Applications involves loading a single HTML page and updating only a portion of the page rather than the complete page with each mouse click.

During the procedure, the page does not reload or transfer control to another page. It guarantees good performance and faster page loading.

The SPA approach is like a standard in order web applications. UI-related data from the server is delivered to the client at the start.

Only the required information is fetched from the server as the client clicks particular parts of the webpage, and the page is dynamically rewritten. This reduces the burden on the server while also saving money.

Advantages of SPA

• No page refresh: When using Single Page Application using AngularJS, you only need to load the section of the page that needs to be modified, rather than the entire page. All of your pages may be pre-loaded and cached with Angular, eliminating the need for additional requests to obtain them.
• Better user experience:Single Page Application using AngularJS has the feel of a native app, it’s quick and responsive.
• Easier Debugging: Single-page applications are easy to debug with Chrome because they are built with developer tools like AngularJS Batarang and React.
• Ability to work offline:The UI doesn’t freeze in case of loss of connectivity and can still perform error handling and displaying of appropriate messages to the user.

Step by step guide to build SPA using AngularJS:

• Module Creation: Creating a module is the first step in any AngularJS Single page application. A module is a container for the many components of your application, such as controllers, service, and so on.

var app = angular.module('myApp', []);

• Defining a Simple Controller:

app.controller('HomeController', function($scope) {

$scope.message = 'Hello from HomeController';

});

• Including AngularJS script in HTML code: We need to use module and controller in our HTML after we’ve developed them. First and foremost, we must include the angular script and app.js that we created. Then, in the ng-app attribute, we must specify our module, and in the ng-controller attribute, we must specify our controller.

<!doctype html>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.4.7/angular.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-controller="HomeController">
<h1>{{message}}</h1>
<script src="app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

The output will look like this when we run the code on localhost.

It’s now established that our module and controller are configured correctly and that AngularJS is operational.

• Using AngularJS’s routing capabilities to add different views to our SPA:

After the main angular script, we must add the angular-route script.

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.4.7/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.4.7/angular-route.min.js"></script>

To enable routing, we must utilize the ngRoute directive.

var app = angular.module('myApp', ['ngRoute']);

• Creating an HTML layout for the website:After we’ve generated an HTML layout for the website, we’ll use the ng-view directive to designate where the HTML for each page will be placed in the layout.

<!doctype html>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.4.7/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.4.7/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-view></div>

<script src="app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

•  To set the navigation to different views, use the $routeProvider service from the ngRoute module:

For each route that we want to add, we must specify a templateUrl and a controller. When a user attempts to travel to a route that does not exist, exception handling must be accommodated. We can use an “otherwise” function to redirect the user to the “/” route for simplicity.

var app = angular.module('myApp', ['ngRoute']);

app.config(function($routeProvider) {
  $routeProvider

  .when('/', {
    templateUrl : 'pages/home.html',
    controller  : 'HomeController'
  })

  .when('/blog', {
    templateUrl : 'pages/blog.html',
    controller  : 'BlogController'
  })

  .when('/about', {
    templateUrl : 'pages/about.html',
    controller  : 'AboutController'
  })

  .otherwise({redirectTo: '/'});
});

• Building controllers for every specified route in $routeProvider:

For each route, we’ll need to create controllers. Controller names were set in routeProvider.

app.controller('HomeController', function($scope) {
  $scope.message = 'Hello from HomeController';
});

app.controller('BlogController', function($scope) {
  $scope.message = 'Hello from BlogController';
});

app.controller('AboutController', function($scope) {
  $scope.message = 'Hello from AboutController';
});

• Configuring the pages:

home.html –

<h1>Home</h1>
<h3>{{message}}</h3>

blog.html –

<h1>Blog</h1>

<h3>{{message}}</h3>

about.html –

<h1>About</h1>
<h3>{{message}}</h3>

• Adding links to the HTML that will help in navigating to the configured pages:

<!doctype html>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.4.7/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.4.7/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<a href="#/">Home</a>
<a href="#/blog">Blog</a>
<a href="#/about">About</a>

<div ng-view></div>

<script src="app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

1. Including the HTML of routing pages to index.html file using script tag:

Use the script tag with the type text/ng-template to add your partial HTML to index.html. When Angular encounters these templates, it will save their content to the template cache rather than making an Ajax request to retrieve it.

<!doctype html>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.4.7/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.4.7/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/ng-template" id="pages/home.html">
<h1>Home</h1>
<h3>{{message}}</h3>
</script>
<script type="text/ng-template" id="pages/blog.html">
<h1>Blog</h1>
<h3>{{message}}</h3>
</script>
<script type="text/ng-template" id="pages/about.html">
<h1>About</h1>
<h3>{{message}}</h3>
</script>

<a href="#/">Home</a>
<a href="#/blog">Blog</a>
<a href="#/about">About</a>

<div ng-view></div>

<script src="app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Once the HTML is run on localhost, the following page is displayed.

The hyperlinks First, Second, and Third on the page are routers, and when you click on them, you will be taken to the relevant web pages without having to refresh the page.

So this is all about how you can build SPA using AngularJS. If you’re working on a single-page application, AngularJS is the obvious choice.

It’s fast, asynchronous, uses a single-threaded model, and has a syntax easy to understand even for beginners.

But that doesn’t mean it’s a walk in the park; one can easily get stuck in some error which can quickly become your nightmare. 

To counter this, we have listed some of the essential practices in node.js, which will help you create efficient and sustainable Node.js applications.

With the implementation of these best practices, the app automatically can minimize JavaScript runtime errors and turn into a high-performance, robust node.js application. 

Error Handling Practices 

Using Async-Await or promises for error handling. (for API calls as well) 

It doesn’t take long for callbacks to spiral out of control when they are nested one after the other, which results in callback hell. At this point, your code will be pretty unreadable.

Instead, you can prevent all this by using a reputable promise library or async-await, enabling a much more compact and familiar code syntax like try-catch (should use .then).

Using built-in Error object. 

Having an error bring down the entire production is never a great experience.

Many throw errors as a string or some custom type which complicates the error handling logic and the interoperability between modules.

There are many ways available for developers to raise an error and resolve them.

They can use strings or even define custom types. Still, using a Built-in error object makes a uniform approach to handle errors within our source code and prevent loss of information.

Not only that, but it also provides a standard set of helpful information when an error occurs. (wrap functionality in .then followed by a catch block) 

Handle Errors Centrally 

Without one dedicated object for error handling, more significant are the chances for inconsistent error handling in Node.js projects: Every logic that handles errors like logging performance, sending mails regarding errors should be written in such a way so that all APIs, night-jobs, unit testing can debug messages and call this method whenever any error occurs. Not handling errors within a single place will lead to code duplication and improperly handled errors. 

Practices for Project Structure  

Start all projects with npm init 

Use ‘npm init’ when you start a new project. It will automatically generate a package.json file for your project that allows you to add a bunch of metadata to help others working on the project have the same setup as you.  

Layer your components

Layering is essential, and thus each component is designed to have ‘layers’ – a dedicated object for the web, logic, and data access code.

You can make an orderly division of performance issues and significantly differentiate processes from mock and test codes by layering. It is advisable to create reusable components. Write API calls, logic, services in separate files. 

Use config files

You must have a config.js file that will hold all configurations in a centralized way. This practice ensures that other developers can locate and adjust config values much more quickly and much more easily.

Having one centralized file ensures reusability of config values and can give a quick insight into the Node.js project and what technologies/services/libraries are available to use.

Organize your solution into components (into components, services, modules etc) 

 The worst large applications pitfall is managing a vast code base with hundreds of dependencies – such a monolith slows down developers as they try to incorporate new features. Instead, partition the entire codebase into smaller components so that each module gets its folder and is kept simple and small. 

 Code Style Practices 

Use Strict Equality operator (===) (check object equality wisely) 

The strict equality operator (===) checks whether its two operands are equal and return a Boolean value. Unlike the weaker equality operator (==), the strict equality operator always considers operands of different types, whereas == will compare two variables after converting them to a common type. There is no type-conversion in ===, and both variables must be of the same kind to be equal. 

Use Linting Packages 

Use popular linting tools like ESLint, the standard for checking possible code errors, identifying nitty-gritty spacing issues, and detecting serious code anti-patterns like developers throwing errors without classification.

Though ESLint can automatically fix code styles, other tools like prettier and beautify are more potent in formatting the fix and working with ESLint. 

• Do not use ‘True/ false’ largely for logic building instead use constants. 
• Have seperate file for Constants 
• Do not use heavy operation builtin functions 
• Check for null or undefined values  
• Use comments for @param, @return values for functions 
• Practice writing Comment in between 

Name your functions 

Name all functions, including closures and callbacks. Restrict the use of anonymous functions. Naming is especially useful when profiling a node app.

Naming all functions will allow you to quickly understand what you’re looking at when checking a memory snapshot. (use arrow function) 

Use Arrow functions 

More extended codes are more prone to bugs and cumbersome to read, so it is advisable to use Arrow functions which make the code more compact and keep the lexical context of the root function.

However, according to the best practices in Node.js, it is recommended to use async-await applications to stop using functional parameters when working with old APIs that can accept promises or call-backs. 

Other Points to remember

• Have a separate file for Constants. 

• Reduce the use of heavy operation built-in functions   

• Check for null or undefined values before use.  

• Write a comment to increase readability. Comments are always handy for understanding the code. 

Going To Production Practices 

Monitor 

Failure === disappointed customers. Simple 

At the fundamental level, monitoring means you can quickly identify when bad things happen at production, for example, by getting notified by email or Slack.

It is a game of finding out issues before customers do.

The market is overwhelmed with offers; thus, consider defining the basic metrics you must follow.

Then going over additional fancy features and choose the solution that ticks all boxes. 

Increase transparency using smart logging 

 Logs can be a dumb warehouse of debug statements or the enabler of a beautiful dashboard that tells the story of your app. It’s advisable to plan your logs from day 1.

A proper framework for collecting, storing, and analyzing logs can ensure that we extract the desired information when required. 

Install your packages with npm ci 

When installing packages, you must ensure that the production code uses the exact version of the packages you tested.

Run npm ci to strictly do a clean install of your dependencies matching package.json and package-lock.json. Using this command is recommended in automated environments such as continuous integration pipelines. 

npm ci is also fast—in some cases, twice as fast as using npm i, representing a significant performance improvement for all developers using continuous integration. 

Testing and Overall Quality Practice 

Write API (component) tests 

Most projects do not have any automated testing due to short timetables, or often the ‘testing project’ ran out of control and was discontinued.

It will help plan your project deadline so that all your developed functionality by developers can adhere to automated testing.

For that reason, prioritize and start with API testing, which is the easiest way to write and provides more coverage than unit testing.

We can mock database calls and make sure whether the last changes done by someone else are broken or not after implementing new features.

Have Unit tests and functional tests for maximum coverage

Code coverage tools come with features that tell us whether we have converted codes under test cases or not. Some frameworks also help identify a decrease in testing coverage and highlight testing mismatches. 

You can set a minimum limit of test coverage % before committing code to make sure most of the statements are covered.

Structure tests  

It shouldn’t feel like reading imperative code rather than HTML – a declarative experience when reading a test case. To achieve this, keep the AAA convention so the reader’s minds will parse the test intent effortlessly.

Structure your tests with three well-separated sections: Arrange, Act & Assert (AAA). 

Arrange contains all the data or parameters or expected output used in subsequent calls or comparing actual and expected results, Act calls actual implementation with all arranged parameters, Assert compares the actual result with the desired result.

This structure guarantees that the reader spends no brain CPU on understanding the test plan. 

Tag Your Tests 

There are multiple scenarios where we have to run tests like smoke testing before committing changes to a source control system or when the pull request generates.

We can do this by using tags on tests with different keywords. You can tag tests with keywords like #api #sanity so you can grep with your testing harness and summon the desired subset. 

Security Best Practices 

Embrace linter security rules 

Use security-related linter plug-ins such as ESlint-plugin-security to catch security vulnerabilities and issues as early as possible, preferably while you are writing the code.

Tools like ESLint provides a robust framework for eliminating a wide variety of potentially dangerous patterns in your code by catching security weaknesses like using eval, invoking a child process, or importing a literal module string (e.g., user input). 

Strong Authentication

Having a solid authentication system is necessary for any system security. The lack of authentication or broken authentication makes the system vulnerable on many fronts. These are the few steps you can take to build a robust authentication system: 

• Remember to avoid basic authentication and use standard authentication methods like OAuth, OpenID, etc. 

• When creating passwords, do not use the Node.js built-in crypto library; use Bcrypt or Scrypt. 

• Ensure to limit failed login attempts, and do not tell the user if the username or password is incorrect. 

• And be sure to implement 2FA authentication. If done correctly, it can increase the security of your application drastically. You can do it with modules like node-2fa or speakeasy. 

Limit direct SQL Injections

SQL injection attacks are among the most infamous attacks today; As the name suggests, a SQL injection attack happens when a hacker gets access and can execute SQL statements on your database.

Attackers often send in queries by a pretense of user inputs which forces the system under attack to involuntarily give up sensitive data/information.

A secure way of preventing injection attacks is by validating inputs coming from the user. You need to validate or escape values provided by the user.

How to do it strictly depends on the database you use and how you prefer it. Some database libraries for Node.js perform escaping automatically (for example, node-MySQL and mongoose). But you can also use more generic libraries like Sequelize or knex.

Run automatic vulnerability scanning 

The Node.js ecosystem consists of many different modules and libraries that you can install. It’s common to use many of them in your projects and creates a security issue; when using code written by someone else, you can’t be 100 percent sure that it’s secure.

To help with that, you should run frequent automated vulnerability scans. They allow you to find dependencies with known vulnerabilities.

Use tools like npm audit or snyk to track, monitor, and patch vulnerable dependencies. Integrate these tools with your CI setup so you catch vulnerabilities before making it to production. 

Implement HTTP response header 

Attackers could perform direct attacks on your application’s users, leading to significant security vulnerabilities. We can avoid these attacks by adding additional security-related HTTP headers to your application. You can use plug-ins like – Helmet, which will add even more headers to secure your application, and it is easy to configure. 

The helmet can implement eleven different header-based security for you with one line of code: 

app.use(helmet()); 

Now, these are some of the best practices that will improve your node.js sense and remind you, these practices are not just limited to amateurs but to the entire Node.js developer community – from specialists to newbies.  

And so, concluding with the generic coding practice, let me remind you to KISS – Keep it Simple and short  

Check our node.js development services.

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